Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli Isolated from Urine of Patients in Nagari Allah Magani Hospital, Keffi, Nigeria
K. O. Eko
Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
S. M. Jodi
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria.
I. H. Nkene
Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
R. H. Abimiku
Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
T. Ibrahim
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Y. B. Ngwai
Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated antimicrobial resistance in E. coli recovered from urine of patients attending Nagari Allah Magani Hospital, Keffi, Nigeria.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; between January 2018 and July 2018.
Methodology: Escherichia coli was isolated and identified from the urine of suspected UTIs patients by culture, microscopy and biochemical tests. Sample: We included 248 patients; (116 men, 132 women;age range 5-65 years). Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of the isolates was carried out in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method.
Results: Out of 248 samples, the occurrence of E. coli was 43(17.3%). The occurrence of isolates in relation to age of patients was highest in 21-30 year old (26.5%) and lowest in 11-20 year olds (9.5%). The occurrence of the isolates was higher in females (21.2%) than males (12.9%). The isolates were less resistant to imipenem (20.9%), gentamicin (34.9%) and ciprofloxacin (37.3%). The commonest resistance phenotype was Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid-Streptomycin-Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethprim-Cefotaxime-Ceftazidime-Cefoxitin-Ciprofloxacin-Ampicillin with an occurrence of 7.0%. Most of the isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) Index of above 0.2 with the commonest MAR Index being 0.6 (23.8%). Most (95.6%) of isolates were classified into multidrug resistance (MDR), a few (2.3%) were non-MDR or pan drug resistance (PDR), and no extensive drug resistance (XDR) was isolated. The occurrence of classes of antibiotic resistance was of the order: MDR (95.3%) ˃ NMDR = PDR (2.3%) > XDR (0.0%).
Conclusion: Resistance was less to imipenem, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics. Most isolates originated from an environment where antibiotics are freely available and misused or abused; and are MDR isolates. Further work to detect antibiotic resistance genes in the study location should be carried out.
Keywords: Escherichia coli, urine, antimicrobial, resistance, multidrug.