Reliability and Validity of Urdu Version of the Self-efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-item Scale for Patients with Hypertension in Quetta, Pakistan
Sohail Riaz *
Akson College of Pharmacy, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, AJ&K, Pakistan
Noman Ul Haq
Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Pakistan
Faria Ahmed
Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Pakistan
Aqeel Nasim
Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Pakistan
Maria Tahir
Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Pakistan
Muhammad Kamran Khan
Akson College of Pharmacy, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, AJ&K, Pakistan
Nadia Noureen
Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Pakistan
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: Assessment and enhancement of self efficacy can improve the self management behavior of hypertensive patients. The aim of present study is to translate self-efficacy for managing chronic disease 6-item scale (SEM-CD6) into Urdu and check its validity and reliability.
Methodology: A questionnaire based, observational cross sectional study was designed and conducted from March to August 2017 in 5 different Hypertension clinics of Quetta, Pakistan. Instrument was first translated in to Urdu by Forward – Back translation method. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha), Descriptive statistics and Principle component analysis were used to check its Psychometric properties. Linear regression models were used to interpret Beta values.
Results: Questionnaire was successfully translated without removing any item. A total of 387 hypertensive patients agreed to participate in study. Among these, 205 (53%) participants were male. One hundred and twelve participants (28.9%), lie in the age groups ranging between 49 to 58 years. Regression model showed the factors significantly associated with self-efficacy were Age (β = 0.273, P < 0.01), Education (β = 0.143, P = 0.011) Occupation (β = 0.107, P < 0.05) and Exercise (β = -0.147, P < 0.01). Internal consistency was found to consistent with Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.94. Principal Component analyses yielded one dimensional structure accounting for 78.55% of variance.
Conclusion: The Urdu version of SEM-CD6 is reliable and validated tool to assess self efficacy hypertensive patients of Pakistan level among Urdu Speaking.
Keywords: Self efficacy, hypertension, Urdu